Explanation: To understand the context of Humayun's conquests, it is essential to delve into the historical background of the Mughal Empire and the political landscape of the 16th century in India. Humayun, the second Mughal Emperor, ascended the throne in 1530 after the death of his father, Babur. However, his rule was initially unstable, and he faced numerous challenges from rival factions and regional powers.
One of the significant challenges Humayun faced was the Sultanate of Gujarat, ruled by Bahadur Shah. Gujarat was a prosperous and strategically important region, known for its trade routes and ports. In 1535, Humayun launched a campaign against Bahadur Shah, aiming to expand the Mughal Empire's territory and consolidate his power.
The campaign against Bahadur Shah was successful, and Humayun defeated him, leading to the capture of Gujarat. This victory was crucial as it not only expanded the Mughal Empire's territory but also provided access to the rich trade resources of Gujarat. Following the capture of Gujarat, Humayun also captured Malwa, another significant region in central India. Malwa was known for its fertile lands and was a key region for agricultural production.
The capture of both Gujarat and Malwa was a significant achievement for Humayun, as it strengthened the Mughal Empire's position in the region and provided a solid foundation for future expansions. These conquests were part of a broader strategy to consolidate Mughal power and establish a strong centralized authority.
It is important to note that while the Deccan region was eventually conquered by the Mughals, it was not part of the immediate conquests following the defeat of Bahadur Shah. The Deccan was conquered later by Akbar, Humayun's son, as part of his broader campaign to expand the Mughal Empire.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (D) Only (A) & (B), as both Gujarat and Malwa were captured by Humayun after defeating Bahadur Shah. This conquest was a pivotal moment in the history of the Mughal Empire, marking a significant expansion of its territory and influence in the 16th century.