Explanations:Raziyya Sultan, also known as Razia Sultana, was a significant figure in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. She was the first and only female Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, and her reign is marked by both her administrative reforms and the challenges she faced as a female ruler in a male-dominated society.
Raziyya ascended to the throne in 1236, following the death of her father, Iltutmish. She was initially supported by the nobility, but her reign was marked by political instability and opposition from conservative elements within the Sultanate. Raziyya attempted to implement several reforms, including the appointment of capable individuals to key positions regardless of their social status, which was a departure from the traditional practice of favoring the nobility.
Despite her efforts, Raziyya faced significant opposition from the nobility and other factions within the Sultanate. Her relationship with Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, a trusted slave and advisor, was particularly controversial and led to further opposition against her rule. In 1240, a rebellion led by the nobility and other factions forced Raziyya to abdicate the throne. She was subsequently imprisoned and later executed, marking the end of her reign and her life.
The year 1240 is significant in the context of Raziyya's reign as it marks the end of her rule and the beginning of a period of political instability in the Delhi Sultanate. It is important to remember this date as it is a key event in the history of the Delhi Sultanate and the broader history of medieval India.
Understanding the historical context of Raziyya's reign and her removal from the throne is crucial for students preparing for competitive examinations such as the UPSC, SSC, and Bank PO. It is essential to distinguish between the start and end of her reign and to be aware of the political and social factors that contributed to her removal from the throne.