Explanation: Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia (modern-day Iran), invaded Delhi in 1739, a significant event in the history of the Mughal Empire. This invasion occurred during the reign of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah, who was known for his love of luxury and lack of military prowess. The Mughal Empire was already in decline by this time, and Nadir Shah's invasion further weakened it.
Nadir Shah's invasion was motivated by several factors. He sought to expand his empire and gain control over the rich resources of the Mughal Empire. Additionally, he was interested in the wealth accumulated in Delhi, particularly the famous Peacock Throne and the Koh-i-Noor diamond. The Mughal army, weakened by internal strife and lack of effective leadership, was no match for Nadir Shah's well-trained and disciplined forces.
The invasion began in early 1739 when Nadir Shah crossed the Khyber Pass and moved towards Delhi. The Mughal forces, led by Muhammad Shah, were defeated in the Battle of Karnal, which took place in February 1739. This victory allowed Nadir Shah to march towards Delhi without much resistance. Upon reaching Delhi, he looted the city, taking away immense wealth, including the Peacock Throne and the Koh-i-Noor diamond.
The invasion had a profound impact on the Mughal Empire. It marked the beginning of the end of the Mughal dynasty's dominance in India. The loss of wealth and the weakening of the Mughal army made it difficult for the empire to maintain control over its territories. The invasion also led to the rise of regional powers and the decline of centralized authority in the Mughal Empire.
In summary, Nadir Shah's invasion of Delhi in 1739 was a pivotal event in Indian history, marking a significant turning point in the decline of the Mughal Empire. The correct answer to the question is 1739, as this is the year when the invasion took place.