Explanations:The state of Jammu and Kashmir, located in the northernmost part of India, has a unique administrative setup with two capitals: Srinagar and Jammu. This arrangement is based on the climatic conditions of the region. Srinagar, located in the Kashmir Valley, is the summer capital of the state. The Kashmir Valley experiences a temperate climate with cool summers, making Srinagar a suitable location for the state government to operate during the warmer months. The city is situated on the banks of the Jhelum River and is known for its lakes, gardens, and historical sites.
On the other hand, Jammu, located in the southern part of the state, is the winter capital. Jammu has a subtropical climate with relatively mild winters, which makes it a more comfortable place for the state government to function during the colder months. The city is known for its temples, historical sites, and the surrounding Shivalik Hills.
The division of capitals is a practical solution to the extreme weather conditions in different parts of the state. The Kashmir Valley, where Srinagar is located, can experience heavy snowfall and cold temperatures during the winter, making it less suitable for administrative activities. Conversely, Jammu, being in a warmer region, faces the challenge of hot summers, which makes it less ideal for government operations during that time.
Understanding the concept of having two capitals based on seasonal changes is important for students studying the geography and administration of Indian states. It highlights the practical considerations that go into the governance of regions with diverse climatic conditions. This knowledge is particularly relevant for students preparing for competitive examinations such as the UPSC, SSC, and state PSC, where questions on the administrative setup of Indian states are common.