Explanation: Uttarakhand is a state located in the northern part of India, known for its natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. The state was formed on November 9, 2000, by carving out the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh. The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, which is a city situated in the Doon Valley. Dehradun is not only the capital but also the largest city in the state and serves as the administrative and political center.
Dehradun is a city with a rich history and is known for its educational institutions, including the Forest Research Institute, Indian Military Academy, and the Doon School. The city is surrounded by the Shivalik Hills and is a popular destination for tourists and students alike. It is also known for its natural beauty, with the River Ganges flowing nearby and the Asan Barrage providing a scenic backdrop.
The other options listed in the question are significant cities in Uttarakhand but are not the capital. Mussoorie, for example, is a popular hill station known for its colonial architecture and scenic views. Almora is another hill station that is famous for its temples and traditional lifestyle. Pithoragarh is a district headquarters and is known for its natural beauty and adventure sports. Haridwar and Rishikesh are significant religious and cultural cities, but they are not the capital of Uttarakhand.
Understanding the geography and administrative structure of states like Uttarakhand is important for students preparing for competitive exams such as the UPSC, SSC, and state PSCs. It is crucial to remember that while many cities in Uttarakhand are significant for various reasons, Dehradun is the capital and the administrative center of the state. This knowledge helps in answering questions related to state capitals and administrative centers in geography and general knowledge sections of competitive exams.