Explanations:The history of Bengal, a region in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, has seen several changes in its administrative capital over the centuries. Understanding the historical context of these changes is crucial for comprehending the political and administrative landscape of the region.
During the Mughal period, the capital of Bengal was initially located in Dhaka. However, in 1704, Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, the first Nawab of Bengal, shifted the capital from Dhaka to a new city he founded, which he named Murshidabad. This decision was influenced by several factors, including strategic military positioning, economic considerations, and the desire to establish a new center of power.
Murshidabad served as the capital of Bengal for nearly a century, from 1704 to 1790. During this period, it was the seat of the Nawabs of Bengal, who were powerful rulers under the nominal authority of the Mughal Empire. The city flourished as a center of trade, culture, and administration, and it played a significant role in the economic and political life of the region.
After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British East India Company gained control over Bengal, and the power of the Nawabs diminished. In 1790, the British shifted the capital of Bengal from Murshidabad to Calcutta (now Kolkata), which became the new administrative center of the region under British rule.
It is important to note that while Murshidabad was the capital of Bengal during the Nawab's rule, other cities such as Dhaka and Calcutta have also served as capitals at different points in history. Dhaka was the capital during the Mughal period, and Calcutta became the capital under British rule. This historical context helps to clarify why Murshidabad is the correct answer to the question about the capital of Bengal during the Nawab's rule.
Understanding the historical timeline and the reasons behind the shifts in the capital cities of Bengal is essential for grasping the broader historical and political developments in the region. This knowledge is particularly relevant for students preparing for competitive examinations that cover Indian history and geography.