Explanations:The Vijayanagar Empire was a significant Hindu kingdom that flourished in South India from 1336 to 1565 CE. The empire was founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, who established their capital at Vijayanagara, on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. The Vijayanagar Empire is known for its rich cultural heritage, architectural marvels, and its role in preserving Hindu traditions and culture during a period of Islamic invasions and rule in North India.
The empire lasted for approximately 230 years, which aligns with the correct answer provided. This period saw the rise and fall of several powerful rulers, including the famous Krishnadevaraya, who is often considered the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire. The empire's decline began after the Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE, where it was defeated by a coalition of Deccan Sultanates.
Regarding the second part of the question, Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq was a ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty, which ruled parts of India from the early 14th century. Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq annexed the Warangal kingdom in 1323 CE. The Warangal kingdom, also known as the Kakatiya dynasty, was a powerful Hindu kingdom in the Deccan region. The annexation of Warangal was part of Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq's expansionist policies, which aimed to consolidate his rule over the Deccan region.
It is important to note that the annexation of Warangal by Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq occurred much earlier than the founding of the Vijayanagar Empire. The Tughlaq dynasty was a significant force in North India during the early 14th century, while the Vijayanagar Empire was established in the South in the mid-14th century. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the Vijayanagar Empire lasted for 230 years, and Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq annexed the Warangal kingdom.