Explanation: Globalisation is a complex process that involves the integration of economies, societies, and cultures across the world. It is driven by various factors, but two of the most significant are the development in technology and the liberalisation of foreign trade.
**Development in Technology:**
Technological advancements have been a key driver of globalisation. The advent of the internet, for instance, has revolutionised communication and information exchange, making it easier for businesses to operate across borders. Improved transportation technologies, such as container shipping and air cargo, have reduced the cost and time of moving goods internationally. These technological advancements have lowered the barriers to international trade and facilitated the flow of goods, services, and capital across national boundaries.
**Liberalisation of Foreign Trade:**
The liberalisation of foreign trade policies has also played a crucial role in enabling globalisation. Many countries have adopted policies that reduce trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, and have opened up their markets to foreign competition. This has encouraged international trade and investment, leading to increased economic integration and interdependence among nations. The liberalisation of trade policies has been supported by international agreements and organisations, such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO), which aim to promote free trade and reduce trade barriers.
**Other Factors:**
While the development in technology and the liberalisation of foreign trade are the primary factors that have enabled globalisation, other factors also contribute to the process. For example, foreign investment, which involves the flow of capital from one country to another, has facilitated the expansion of businesses and the transfer of technology and management practices across borders. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) plays a significant role in regulating and facilitating international trade, but it is not a primary factor that enabled globalisation.
In conclusion, the development in technology and the liberalisation of foreign trade are the two key factors that have enabled globalisation. These factors have reduced the barriers to international trade and investment, leading to increased economic integration and interdependence among nations. Understanding these factors is essential for comprehending the process of globalisation and its impact on the world economy.