Explanation: Muhammad-bin Tughlaq, who ruled the Sultanate of Delhi from 1325 to 1351, was known for his ambitious military campaigns and administrative reforms. One of his significant military strategies was to secure the northern frontiers of the Sultanate to prevent invasions and to expand his territorial control. The northern regions, particularly Himachal Pradesh and Kangra, were crucial for this purpose.
Himachal Pradesh, located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, was a strategically important region. It served as a buffer zone between the Sultanate and the Himalayan kingdoms, which were potential threats. By securing Himachal Pradesh, Muhammad-bin Tughlaq aimed to prevent any northern invasions and to establish a strong defensive line.
Kangra, another region in the north, was also a target for Muhammad-bin Tughlaq's military expeditions. Kangra was a significant fort and a center of power in the region. Controlling Kangra would not only secure the northern frontiers but also provide a base for further expansion into the Himalayan regions.
The military expeditions to these regions were part of Muhammad-bin Tughlaq's broader strategy to consolidate his power and expand the Sultanate's influence. These campaigns were not only military but also involved administrative and economic measures to integrate the conquered territories into the Sultanate.
It is important to note that while Muhammad-bin Tughlaq's military campaigns were ambitious, they were not always successful. The logistics of maintaining control over such vast and diverse territories were challenging, and the Sultanate faced numerous rebellions and uprisings. Nonetheless, the strategic importance of securing the northern frontiers through military expeditions to regions like Himachal Pradesh and Kangra remains a significant aspect of his reign.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (D) Only (A) & (B), as both Himachal Pradesh and Kangra were regions where Muhammad-bin Tughlaq sent military expeditions to secure the northern frontiers of the Sultanate. This strategic move was part of his broader efforts to strengthen the Sultanate's control over the northern territories and to prevent invasions from the north.