Explanations:The question asks for the Afghan ruler who captured Delhi in 1540. To understand this, we need to delve into the history of the Mughal Empire and the Sur dynasty. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur in 1526, and it was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent for much of the 16th and 17th centuries. However, the Mughal Empire faced several challenges, including the rise of Afghan rulers who sought to establish their own rule in the region.
One such ruler was Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan warrior and administrator who rose to prominence in the mid-16th century. Sher Shah Suri, whose original name was Farid Khan, was a powerful military leader and a skilled administrator. He initially served under the Mughal emperor Humayun but later rebelled against him. In 1540, Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the Battle of Kannauj and captured Delhi, thereby overthrowing the Mughal Empire temporarily.
After capturing Delhi, Sher Shah Suri established the Sur dynasty, which ruled parts of northern India for a brief period. His reign was marked by significant administrative reforms, including the introduction of a new coinage system, the establishment of a well-organized postal system, and the construction of roads and bridges. These reforms laid the foundation for future administrative practices in the region.
It is important to note that Sher Shah Suri's rule was relatively short-lived, as he died in 1545. However, his impact on the region was significant, and his capture of Delhi in 1540 is a crucial event in the history of the Mughal Empire and the Sur dynasty. This event marked a temporary setback for the Mughal Empire, which was later restored by Humayun after Sher Shah Suri's death.
Understanding the historical context of Sher Shah Suri's capture of Delhi in 1540 is essential for comprehending the political and administrative landscape of 16th-century India. It highlights the complex interplay of power and the rise and fall of various dynasties during this period.