Explanations:The Indian National Congress, a pivotal political organization in the Indian independence movement, has a rich history of internal debates and unifications. One of the most significant events in its history was the reunification of its two wings, the Moderates and the Extremists, which occurred at the Lucknow session in 1916.
The split between the Moderates and the Extremists took place at the Surat session in 1907. The Moderates, led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, advocated for gradual reforms and cooperation with the British, while the Extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, called for more radical measures and immediate self-rule. This ideological divide led to a split in the party, with the Extremists walking out of the Surat session.
However, the need for a united front against British colonial rule became increasingly apparent. The Lucknow session of 1916 was a turning point. It was held in the aftermath of World War I, and the Indian National Congress sought to present a united front to the British government. The session was significant not only for the reunification of the two factions but also for the signing of the Lucknow Pact, which was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League. This pact aimed to bring together Hindus and Muslims in a common struggle for independence.
The reunification at the Lucknow session was a crucial step in the Indian National Congress's strategy to present a united front against British rule. It marked the end of the internal divisions that had plagued the party and set the stage for more coordinated efforts towards Indian independence. The Lucknow session is thus a key event in the history of the Indian National Congress and the broader Indian independence movement.