📚 Part of: Colonial History And Indian Culture Mcqs: British India, Sikh Empire, And Dance Forms

The towering Shikhara above the Khanderiya Mahadeva temple symbolizes .....

Category: Miscellaneous Indian Gk

Correct Answer: B) Mount Meru.

Exam Relevance: UPSC Civil Services, IAS Prelims, State PSC Exams, History and Culture Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes:

The Shikhara is the towering spire found above the sanctum of Hindu temples, symbolizing the cosmic mountain, Mount Meru. Mount Meru is a sacred mountain in Hindu mythology, believed to be the center of the universe. The Khajuraho temples, including the Khanderiya Mahadeva temple, are known for their intricate Shikhara designs that represent this cosmic mountain.

Common Mistakes:
  • Confusing Mount Meru with other significant mountains in Hindu mythology.
  • Believing that the Shikhara represents a specific geographical mountain like Mount Everest.
  • Not understanding the symbolic significance of the Shikhara in Hindu temple architecture.
Explanation:

In Hindu temple architecture, the Shikhara is a significant element that represents the cosmic mountain, Mount Meru. Mount Meru is a mythical mountain in Hindu cosmology, believed to be the center of the universe and the abode of the gods. The Shikhara, which is the towering spire above the sanctum (garbhagriha) of the temple, is designed to symbolize this cosmic mountain.

The Khajuraho temples, including the Khanderiya Mahadeva temple, are renowned for their intricate and elaborate Shikhara designs. These temples were built during the Chandela dynasty in the 10th and 11th centuries and are located in Madhya Pradesh, India. The Shikhara of the Khanderiya Mahadeva temple is particularly notable for its height and complexity, making it one of the tallest and most impressive Shikharas in India.

The symbolism of Mount Meru in the Shikhara is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and cosmology. Mount Meru is not only a physical representation but also a spiritual and philosophical concept. It is believed to be the axis of the world, connecting the heavens, earth, and the underworld. The Shikhara, therefore, serves as a symbolic bridge between the earthly and divine realms, allowing devotees to ascend spiritually towards the divine.

In Hindu temple architecture, the Shikhara is not just an aesthetic element but a crucial part of the temple's spiritual and symbolic structure. It is designed to evoke a sense of the divine and the cosmic order, reflecting the belief that the temple is a microcosm of the universe. The intricate carvings and designs on the Shikhara often depict various deities, mythological scenes, and cosmic elements, further emphasizing the connection between the temple and the broader universe.

Understanding the symbolism of the Shikhara and Mount Meru is essential for comprehending the deeper meanings and spiritual significance of Hindu temple architecture. It highlights the importance of cosmological and mythological concepts in the design and construction of these temples, making them not just places of worship but also repositories of cultural and spiritual knowledge.

Option Analysis:
  • Option A: Incorrect. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world, but it is not a symbolic representation in Hindu temple architecture. The Shikhara symbolizes Mount Meru, a mythical mountain in Hindu cosmology, not a real geographical location.
  • Option B: Correct. The Shikhara above the Khanderiya Mahadeva temple symbolizes Mount Meru, a mythical mountain in Hindu cosmology that is considered the center of the universe. This symbolic representation is common in Hindu temple architecture, where the Shikhara is designed to evoke the cosmic mountain.
  • Option C: Incorrect. While Mount Meru is the correct answer, Mount Everest is not a symbolic representation in Hindu temple architecture. Therefore, the option "All the above" is incorrect.
  • Option D: Incorrect. This option suggests that none of the given choices are correct, which is false since Mount Meru is indeed the correct symbolic representation of the Shikhara in Hindu temple architecture.

Mnemonic: M for Meru, M for Mountain, M for Main

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