Explanation: Raziya Sultan, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1236 to 1240, is a notable figure in medieval Indian history. She was the only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and is remembered for her administrative reforms and efforts to improve the governance of the empire. One of her significant contributions was the establishment of dak-chowkies, which were rest houses for travelers and officials.
Dak-chowkies were essential for several reasons:
1. **Communication and Administration**: They facilitated better communication and administration across the vast empire. By providing rest houses, Raziya Sultan ensured that officials and travelers could travel more efficiently, which was crucial for the effective functioning of the state.
2. **Economic Benefits**: The establishment of these rest houses also had economic benefits. They provided a place for travelers to rest, eat, and exchange information, which could boost trade and commerce.
3. **Security and Order**: The presence of dak-chowkies also helped maintain security and order on the roads, as they could serve as points of control and support for travelers.
Raziya Sultan's reign was marked by several other reforms, including the abolition of the jizya tax for non-Muslims, the establishment of a more efficient postal system, and the promotion of education and learning. However, her most significant contribution in terms of administrative reforms was the establishment of dak-chowkies.
It is important to note that while other rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, such as Ala ud din Khilji, Balban, and Iltutmish, also implemented significant administrative reforms, they did not establish dak-chowkies. This specific contribution is attributed to Raziya Sultan, making her the correct answer to the question.
Understanding the contributions of medieval Indian rulers is crucial for comprehending the administrative and social developments of the period. Raziya Sultan's establishment of dak-chowkies is a prime example of how rulers of the Delhi Sultanate sought to improve the governance and communication within their empires.