Explanations:The Indian National Congress, a major political party in India, has a long history of holding annual sessions to discuss and plan strategies for the Indian independence movement. One of the significant sessions was held in Madras (now Chennai), Tamil Nadu, in 1927. This session was crucial as it marked the beginning of the Non-Cooperation Movement and the demand for Purna Swaraj (complete independence) from British rule.
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 and played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement. The party's annual sessions were held in various cities across India, each session contributing to the political discourse and mobilization of the masses. The 1927 session in Madras was particularly important because it was during this session that the Indian National Congress decided to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement, which aimed to withdraw cooperation from the British government and its institutions.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase in the Indian independence struggle, initiated by Mahatma Gandhi. It involved the boycott of British educational institutions, law courts, and legislative councils, as well as the promotion of swadeshi (self-reliance) and the use of khadi (hand-spun cloth). The movement was a response to the Rowlatt Act, which allowed the British government to imprison individuals without trial, and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of unarmed civilians.
The 1927 session in Madras was also significant because it was during this session that the Indian National Congress adopted the resolution for Purna Swaraj, or complete independence from British rule. This resolution was a turning point in the Indian independence movement, as it marked a shift from the earlier demand for dominion status within the British Empire to a demand for complete independence.
Madras (now Chennai) was chosen as the venue for this session due to its strategic importance and the strong support for the independence movement in the region. The city had a long history of political activism and was home to many prominent leaders of the Indian National Congress. The session in Madras was attended by thousands of delegates and supporters, making it one of the largest and most significant sessions in the history of the Indian National Congress.
Understanding the historical context and significance of the 1927 session in Madras is crucial for comprehending the evolution of the Indian independence movement and the role of the Indian National Congress in this struggle. The session in Madras was a pivotal moment that set the stage for the subsequent phases of the independence movement, including the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.