Explanations:The Himalayas, the world's highest mountain range, are not a single continuous chain but are composed of several parallel ranges. These ranges can be broadly categorized into three main groups: the outer Himalaya, the middle Himalaya, and the Great Himalaya (also known as the Inner Himalaya).
The outer Himalaya, also known as the Shiwalik, is the most recent formation and lies at the foot of the main Himalayan range. It is characterized by low, discontinuous ranges and is composed of unconsolidated gravel and alluvium. The Shiwalik range is not the middle Himalaya, which is why Option A is incorrect.
The Great Himalaya, or Himadri, is the highest and most continuous range, containing some of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest. This range is composed of granite and gneiss and is the innermost part of the Himalayan system. Therefore, Option B is incorrect as it refers to the Great Himalaya, not the middle Himalaya.
The middle Himalaya, also known as Himachal, lies between the Great Himalaya and the outer Himalaya. This range includes the lesser Himalayan ranges and is characterized by a series of ridges and valleys. It is home to many important mountain passes and is known for its diverse flora and fauna. The term "Himachal" is derived from the Sanskrit words "Hima" (snow) and "Achal" (mountain), meaning "snowy mountains." This range is crucial for understanding the geographical structure of the Himalayas, making Option C the correct answer.
Option D, "None of the above," is incorrect because "Himachal" is indeed the correct term for the middle Himalaya. Understanding the nomenclature of the Himalayan ranges is essential for students of geography, particularly those preparing for competitive examinations that cover Indian geography.