Explanation: The shift of the capital of the British East India Company from Calcutta (Kolkata) to Delhi in 1911 was a significant event in the history of British colonial rule in India. This decision was made by King George V and Queen Mary during their visit to India in 1911, marking a symbolic move to establish a new imperial capital that would reflect the grandeur and power of the British Empire in India.
The new city, New Delhi, was designed by the British architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, who was commissioned to create a city that would serve as the seat of the British Raj. Lutyens was chosen for his reputation as a leading architect of his time, known for his work on grand country houses and public buildings in Britain. His design for New Delhi was a blend of classical and Indian architectural styles, creating a unique urban landscape that was both modern and reflective of the colonial context.
Lutyens' design for New Delhi included several iconic buildings, such as the Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly Viceroy's House), which served as the residence of the British Viceroy and is now the official residence of the President of India. The India Gate, a war memorial arch, is another significant structure designed by Lutyens. The city's layout was planned to be a grand imperial capital, with wide avenues, roundabouts, and a clear distinction between the administrative and residential areas.
The planning and construction of New Delhi were part of a broader effort by the British to assert their dominance and control over India. The city was designed to be a symbol of British power and to serve as a showcase of British architectural and urban planning expertise. The choice of Lutyens as the architect was a deliberate decision to create a city that would stand as a testament to British colonial rule.
It is important to note that while Lutyens was the principal architect, he worked alongside other architects, including Herbert Baker, who was responsible for designing the Secretariat buildings. The collaboration between these architects resulted in a city that was both functional and aesthetically pleasing, reflecting the aspirations of the British colonial government.
Understanding the role of Edward Lutyens in the planning of New Delhi is crucial for comprehending the historical and architectural context of British colonial rule in India. His work on New Delhi is a significant part of the architectural and historical legacy of the period, and it continues to influence the urban landscape of the city today.