Explanation: The shift of the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi was a significant event in the history of British colonial administration in India. This decision was made during the tenure of Lord Hardinge, who served as the Viceroy of India from 1910 to 1916. The announcement of this shift was made at the Delhi Durbar in 1911, which was a grand imperial ceremony held to mark the coronation of King George V and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India.
The decision to move the capital was driven by several factors. Firstly, there was a desire to move the seat of imperial administration away from the politically volatile region of Bengal, where anti-British sentiments were strong. Secondly, Delhi was considered a more central location, which would facilitate better control over the vast Indian subcontinent. Additionally, the move was seen as a symbolic gesture to align the British administration more closely with the historical and cultural significance of Delhi, which had been the capital of several powerful empires in India.
The construction of the new capital, New Delhi, began in 1912 and was completed in 1931. The design of New Delhi was entrusted to the British architect Edwin Lutyens, who was assisted by Herbert Baker. The new capital was designed to reflect the grandeur and power of the British Empire, with its wide avenues, monumental buildings, and a blend of Indian and Western architectural styles.
Understanding the historical context and the reasons behind the shift of the capital is crucial for comprehending the broader political and administrative strategies employed by the British during their rule in India. This event is often discussed in the context of British colonial history and the evolution of the administrative landscape in India. It is a key topic in various competitive examinations, particularly those related to Indian history and governance.