Explanation: Shivaji Maharaj, a prominent figure in Indian history, established the Maratha Empire in the 17th century. One of his most significant contributions was the establishment of 'Hindavi Swaraj,' which translates to 'self-rule of the Hindus.' This concept was revolutionary for its time, as it emphasized the principles of justice, fair play, and equal treatment for all subjects under his rule.
Shivaji Maharaj's governance was characterized by a strong emphasis on justice and equality. He believed in the fair treatment of all his subjects, regardless of their caste, religion, or social status. This was a stark contrast to the prevailing norms of the time, where discrimination and inequality were rampant. Shivaji Maharaj's administration was known for its transparency, accountability, and the rule of law. He established a well-organized administrative system that included a council of ministers, a well-trained army, and a fair judicial system.
The principles of 'Hindavi Swaraj' were not just theoretical but were implemented in practice. Shivaji Maharaj's policies included the abolition of forced labor, the protection of religious and cultural rights, and the promotion of education and welfare. He also encouraged trade and commerce, which contributed to the economic prosperity of his kingdom.
It is important to note that while Shivaji Maharaj was a military leader and engaged in numerous battles, his principles of governance were not based on war, hatred, or unfair means. His military campaigns were often necessary for the defense and expansion of his kingdom, but they were not the core principles of his rule.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (B) Justice, fair play, and equal treatment. These principles were the foundation of 'Hindavi Swaraj' and reflect the progressive and just nature of Shivaji Maharaj's governance. Understanding these principles is crucial for comprehending the historical significance of Shivaji Maharaj and his contributions to Indian history.