Explanation: Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra, has experienced significant growth over the years, driven by a combination of demographic and socio-economic factors. The two main reasons for this growth are high birth rate and low death rate, as well as rural-urban migration.
Firstly, the high birth rate and low death rate contribute to the natural increase in population. In demographic terms, the difference between the birth rate and the death rate is known as the natural growth rate. When the birth rate is high and the death rate is low, the natural growth rate is positive, leading to an increase in population. This demographic trend has been a significant factor in Mumbai's population growth.
Secondly, rural-urban migration plays a crucial role in Mumbai's growth. People from rural areas move to the city in search of better economic opportunities, employment, and improved living conditions. This migration is driven by various factors, including the availability of jobs in the city's industries, services, and informal sectors, as well as the perception of better educational and healthcare facilities in urban areas. The influx of migrants adds to the city's population and contributes to its urbanization.
It is important to note that while high birth rate and low death rate contribute to the natural increase in population, rural-urban migration is a separate factor that adds to the city's population. Both these factors work together to drive Mumbai's growth.
Option C, which suggests high birth rate and high death rate, is incorrect because a high death rate would counteract the effects of a high birth rate, leading to a lower natural growth rate. This scenario would not contribute to significant population growth.
In conclusion, the correct answer is Option D, which correctly identifies both high birth rate and low death rate, as well as rural-urban migration, as the two main reasons for the growth of Mumbai. Understanding these factors is crucial for comprehending the demographic and socio-economic dynamics of urban growth in Maharashtra.