Explanation: The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a significant initiative launched by the Government of India to combat air pollution across the country. The program was introduced in 2019 with the primary objective of reducing particulate matter (PM) pollution by 20-30% by 2024, compared to the levels in 2017. This target is set to be achieved through a combination of regulatory measures, technological interventions, and public awareness campaigns.
The NCAP is a nationwide program that involves multiple states and cities, each contributing to the overall goal of improving air quality. The program is not limited to a single state or city but is designed to address the issue of air pollution on a national scale. This comprehensive approach is essential because air pollution is a transboundary issue that affects not just one city or state but the entire country.
Delhi, being one of the most polluted cities in the world, is a key participant in the NCAP. The city has implemented several measures to reduce air pollution, including the promotion of electric vehicles, the closure of polluting industries, and the implementation of stricter emission norms. However, the NCAP is not limited to Delhi alone. Other states and cities, such as Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, are also part of the program.
Gujarat, for instance, has taken steps to control industrial emissions and promote cleaner technologies. The state has also implemented measures to reduce vehicular emissions and improve public transportation. Similarly, Tamil Nadu has focused on reducing pollution from industries and promoting renewable energy sources. Both states have integrated their efforts with the NCAP to achieve the national goal of reducing air pollution.
The involvement of multiple states and cities in the NCAP reflects the collaborative and comprehensive nature of the program. By working together, these states and cities can share best practices, coordinate efforts, and achieve better results in reducing air pollution. This multi-state approach is crucial for addressing the complex and interconnected nature of air pollution, which often transcends administrative boundaries.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (D) All of the above, as the National Clean Air Programme involves multiple states and cities, including Delhi, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. This nationwide initiative aims to reduce air pollution through a coordinated and comprehensive approach, involving various stakeholders and implementing a range of measures to improve air quality across the country.