Explanation: Razia Sultana, also known as Raziyya or Razia al-Din, was a significant figure in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. She was the only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and reigned from 1236 to 1240 during the Slave Dynasty. The Slave Dynasty, also known as the Mamluk Dynasty, was the first dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate, established by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206.
Razia Sultana ascended the throne after the death of her father, Iltutmish, who was the third sultan of the Slave Dynasty. She was initially appointed as the successor by her father, but her brother, Ruknuddin Firuz, attempted to usurp the throne. After a brief period of conflict, Razia Sultana was able to establish her rule in 1236.
During her reign, Razia Sultana implemented several administrative reforms and military campaigns. She was known for her intelligence, administrative skills, and her efforts to modernize the administration. However, her reign was also marked by opposition from the nobility, who were uncomfortable with a female ruler. This opposition eventually led to her deposition in 1240.
The correct answer to the question is (B) 1236 to 1240. This period accurately reflects the years during which Razia Sultana ruled the Delhi Sultanate. It is important to note that her reign was relatively short but significant in the context of the Delhi Sultanate's history.
Understanding the timeline of the Delhi Sultanate is crucial for students studying medieval Indian history. The Slave Dynasty, which includes the reign of Razia Sultana, was a pivotal period that laid the foundation for the subsequent dynasties that ruled the Delhi Sultanate. Razia Sultana's reign, though brief, is a notable chapter in the history of the Delhi Sultanate and is often highlighted in examinations and historical discussions.
In summary, Razia Sultana's reign from 1236 to 1240 is a well-documented period in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Her rule, marked by both administrative reforms and opposition, is an important topic in the study of medieval Indian history and Delhi GK.