Explanations:Raziya Sultan, also known as Razia Sultana, was a significant figure in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. She was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, a period in Indian history that spans from the early 13th century to the mid-16th century. The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom based in Delhi that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
Raziya Sultan's reign began in 1236 AD and ended in 1240 AD. She was the daughter of Iltutmish, the fifth ruler of the Mamluk dynasty, and was chosen by her father as his successor over her brothers. Her reign was marked by several notable achievements, including administrative reforms and military campaigns. She attempted to establish a merit-based system of governance, which was a significant departure from the nepotism and favoritism that were common in the Delhi Sultanate.
Despite her efforts, Raziya Sultan faced significant opposition from the nobility and the military, who were uncomfortable with a female ruler. This opposition eventually led to her downfall. She was deposed in 1240 AD and was later killed in a battle against her opponents.
The historical significance of Raziya Sultan lies not only in her being the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate but also in her attempts to reform the administration and her military prowess. Her reign is a notable period in the history of medieval India and is often studied in the context of the Delhi Sultanate and the broader history of the Indian subcontinent.
Understanding the timeline of Raziya Sultan's reign is crucial for students of history, particularly those preparing for competitive examinations such as the UPSC, SSC, and Bank PO. The correct start year of her reign, 1236 AD, is a key piece of information that helps in placing her rule within the broader context of the Delhi Sultanate and medieval Indian history.