Explanation: The Himalayas, the world's highest mountain range, are divided into three main parallel ranges: the Outer Himalayas, the Middle Himalayas, and the Inner Himalayas. Each range has distinct characteristics and elevations.
The Outer Himalayas, also known as the Shivalik or Sub-Himalayas, are the southernmost and lowest range of the Himalayan system. They are characterized by their relatively low elevation, typically ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters above sea level. The Shivalik range is a part of the Outer Himalayas and is composed of sedimentary rocks that were deposited by the rivers flowing from the higher Himalayan ranges.
The Shivalik range extends from the Indus River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east, covering parts of India, Pakistan, and Nepal. It is a narrow belt of hills that forms the southern boundary of the Himalayan system. The Shivalik range is known for its fertile soil and is an important agricultural region.
The Middle Himalayas, also known as the Lesser Himalayas, are located between the Outer and Inner Himalayas. They are higher and more rugged than the Outer Himalayas, with elevations ranging from 1,500 to 5,000 meters. The Middle Himalayas include well-known mountain ranges such as the Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, and Mahabharat ranges.
The Inner Himalayas, also known as the Great Himalayas or the High Himalayas, are the northernmost and highest range of the Himalayan system. They include the world's highest peaks, such as Mount Everest, K2, and Kangchenjunga. The Inner Himalayas are characterized by their towering peaks, deep valleys, and extensive glaciers.
In summary, the Outer Himalayas, which include the Shivalik range, are the Lower Hills of the Himalayas. They are the southernmost and lowest range of the Himalayan system, distinct from the higher Middle and Inner Himalayas. Understanding the geographical hierarchy and characteristics of these ranges is crucial for comprehending the complex topography of the Himalayas.