Explanations:The Himalayas are a vast mountain system that stretches across several countries in South Asia, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Pakistan. The Himalayan range is divided into three main longitudinal belts: the Outer Himalayas, the Middle Himalayas, and the Inner Himalayas. Each of these belts has distinct characteristics in terms of elevation, geological features, and ecological zones.
The Outer Himalayas, also known as the Shivalik Hills, are the lowest and outermost range of the Himalayas. They are characterized by relatively low elevations, typically ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters above sea level. The Shivalik Hills are composed of unconsolidated gravel and alluvial deposits, which are younger and less stable compared to the higher ranges. These hills are often subject to erosion and landslides due to their geological composition and the heavy monsoon rains that the region receives.
The Middle Himalayas, also known as the Lesser Himalayas, are the central range and are higher in elevation than the Outer Himalayas. They include well-known mountain ranges such as the Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, and Mahabharat ranges. The Middle Himalayas are characterized by a more rugged terrain and higher peaks, with elevations ranging from 1,500 to 4,500 meters above sea level.
The Inner Himalayas, also known as the Great Himalayas, are the highest and most majestic range of the Himalayas. They include the world's highest peaks, such as Mount Everest, K2, and Kangchenjunga. The Inner Himalayas are characterized by towering peaks, deep valleys, and a complex geological structure. The elevations in this range can exceed 8,000 meters above sea level.
Understanding the geographical classification of the Himalayan ranges is crucial for comprehending the diverse ecological zones, climatic conditions, and geological features of the region. The Outer Himalayas, being the lower hills, play a significant role in the hydrological cycle of the region, as they receive the initial impact of the monsoon rains and contribute to the formation of rivers and streams that flow through the valleys and plains.
It is important to note that while the Shivalik range is a significant part of the Outer Himalayas, it does not encompass the entire Outer Himalayas. The Outer Himalayas include other lower hills and ranges beyond just the Shivalik range. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the Outer Himalayas comprise the Lower Hills of the Himalayas, which includes the Shivalik range and other similar lower hills.