Explanation: Orissa, now officially known as Odisha, is a state located in the eastern part of India. Understanding the geographical and climatic characteristics of Odisha is essential for comprehending its natural environment and the impact it has on the region's flora, fauna, and human activities.
The Tropic of Cancer is a significant latitude line that runs at approximately 23.5 degrees north of the equator. This line marks the northernmost point where the sun can be directly overhead at noon. Odisha is located south of this line, placing it firmly within the tropical zone. The tropical zone is characterized by high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year, with minimal seasonal variation in temperature.
The climate in Odisha is influenced by its location in the tropical zone. The state experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, which is also known as a savanna climate. This climate type is marked by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, which typically occurs from June to September, is characterized by heavy rainfall due to the southwest monsoon. The dry season, from October to February, is marked by lower rainfall and higher temperatures.
The high temperatures in Odisha are a result of its proximity to the equator and its location in the tropical zone. The average temperature in Odisha ranges from 20°C to 40°C, with the hottest months being April and May. The humidity levels are also high, often exceeding 80% during the wet season.
It is important to note that while Odisha is located in the tropical zone, the climate can vary slightly depending on the region within the state. Coastal areas, such as the districts of Puri and Kendrapara, experience a more moderate climate due to the influence of the Bay of Bengal. Inland areas, such as the districts of Sambalpur and Jharsuguda, can experience higher temperatures and more extreme weather conditions.
In summary, Odisha is located in the tropical zone, south of the Tropic of Cancer, and experiences a hot and humid climate throughout the year. This climate is a result of its geographical location and the influence of the tropical wet and dry climate type. Understanding these climatic characteristics is crucial for comprehending the natural environment and the challenges faced by the people of Odisha.