Explanation: Operation Flood, launched in 1970 by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in India, is a significant program that has transformed the dairy sector in the country. It is often referred to as the White Revolution due to its profound impact on milk production and the dairy industry.
The primary objective of Operation Flood was to increase milk production and improve the income of dairy farmers. The program was designed to create a network of dairy cooperatives that would help farmers to market their milk more effectively. This network included the establishment of milk collection centers, processing plants, and marketing channels. The program also focused on providing technical assistance, training, and credit facilities to dairy farmers.
Operation Flood was implemented in three phases. The first phase, from 1970 to 1981, focused on the establishment of dairy cooperatives and the creation of a milk collection and distribution network. The second phase, from 1981 to 1985, aimed to expand the network and improve the quality of milk. The third phase, from 1985 to 1996, focused on the development of the dairy industry and the creation of a self-sustaining system.
The success of Operation Flood can be attributed to several factors. First, the program was based on the cooperative model, which allowed farmers to pool their resources and market their milk collectively. This model helped to reduce the transaction costs and improve the bargaining power of farmers. Second, the program provided technical assistance and training to farmers, which helped to improve the quality of milk and increase production. Third, the program focused on the development of the dairy industry, which created new opportunities for farmers and helped to increase their income.
The White Revolution, as a result of Operation Flood, has had a significant impact on the Indian economy. It has increased milk production, improved the income of dairy farmers, and created new employment opportunities. The program has also helped to reduce poverty and improve the standard of living of rural communities.
In conclusion, Operation Flood is associated with the White Revolution, which refers to the significant increase in milk production and the development of the dairy industry in India. The program has transformed the dairy sector and has had a profound impact on the Indian economy. Understanding the concept of Operation Flood and its association with the White Revolution is essential for students studying Indian agricultural history and the dairy industry.