Explanations:Operation Flood, launched in 1970, was a dairy development program initiated by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in India. The primary objective of Operation Flood was to increase milk production and improve the living standards of dairy farmers. This program is closely associated with the White Revolution, which refers to the significant increase in milk production and the establishment of a nationwide milk marketing network in India.
The White Revolution was a major success story in India's agricultural history. It was driven by the cooperative movement, particularly the Amul model, which was replicated across the country. The Amul model, developed in Gujarat, involved a cooperative structure where farmers owned the processing and marketing facilities. This model allowed farmers to retain a larger share of the profits and ensured that they received fair prices for their milk.
Operation Flood was implemented in three phases. The first phase focused on establishing a nationwide network of milk cooperatives and marketing organizations. The second phase aimed to increase milk production and improve the quality of milk. The third phase focused on the development of infrastructure and the establishment of a national milk grid. By the end of Operation Flood, India had become the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States and the European Union.
The success of Operation Flood and the White Revolution can be attributed to several factors. First, the cooperative model ensured that farmers were directly involved in the decision-making process and benefited from the profits. Second, the program provided farmers with access to modern technology and inputs, which helped to increase milk production. Third, the establishment of a nationwide milk marketing network ensured that farmers had a stable market for their milk and could sell it at fair prices.
It is important to distinguish Operation Flood and the White Revolution from other agricultural revolutions such as the Green Revolution and the Black Revolution. The Green Revolution focused on increasing crop yields through the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation. The Black Revolution referred to the increase in coal production, which is unrelated to the dairy industry. The Pink Revolution, on the other hand, refers to the growth of the flower industry, which is also unrelated to Operation Flood and the dairy industry.
In summary, Operation Flood is associated with the White Revolution, which refers to the significant increase in milk production and the establishment of a nationwide milk marketing network in India. This program was a major success story in India's agricultural history and played a crucial role in improving the living standards of dairy farmers.