Explanations:In India, the division of states is primarily based on linguistic criteria. This approach is rooted in the linguistic states policy, which was implemented in the 1950s and 1960s. The policy aimed to create states that would reflect the linguistic identities of their inhabitants, thereby fostering a sense of unity and administrative efficiency.
The linguistic states policy was a response to the diverse linguistic landscape of India. India is home to numerous languages, each with its own distinct identity and cultural heritage. By creating states based on language, the government sought to address the linguistic aspirations of different communities and to ensure that the administration of these states would be more effective and responsive to the needs of the people.
While language is the primary basis for state division, it is important to note that other factors such as culture, religion, and geography also play a role in shaping the boundaries of states. However, these factors are secondary to the linguistic criterion. For example, cultural and religious identities can influence the internal policies and practices within a state, but they are not the primary basis for its creation.
Landforms, such as mountains, rivers, and plains, can also influence the boundaries of states. However, these geographical features are not the primary basis for state division. Instead, they are considered in the context of administrative convenience and the practicalities of governance.
Population size is another factor that can influence the division of states, but it is not the primary criterion. While a state's population can affect its administrative needs and resource allocation, the main basis for state division remains linguistic.
Therefore, the correct answer is that states in India are primarily divided based on language. This approach has been a cornerstone of the Indian federal system and has helped to preserve linguistic identities while ensuring effective governance.