Explanation: Diwali, the Festival of Lights, is celebrated across India and has various significances in different religious traditions. In Jainism, Diwali holds a special significance as it marks the day when Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, attained Moksha. Moksha, in Jainism, is the ultimate spiritual goal, representing liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara) and the attainment of a state of eternal bliss and knowledge.
Lord Mahavira, born as Vardhamana, was a spiritual leader who lived in the 6th century BCE. He is considered the last Tirthankara (ford-maker) in Jainism, guiding souls across the river of samsara to the other shore of liberation. Mahavira's teachings emphasize non-violence (ahimsa), truthfulness, and the pursuit of spiritual purity. His life and teachings form the core of Jain philosophy and practice.
The attainment of Moksha by Mahavira on Diwali is celebrated with great reverence by Jains. Temples and homes are illuminated with lights, symbolizing the light of knowledge and the dispelling of darkness. This event is a reminder of the ultimate goal of Jainism and the possibility of achieving spiritual liberation through the path of righteousness and self-discipline.
It is important to note that while Diwali is celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs, and Jains, each community has its own unique reasons for celebrating the festival. In Hinduism, Diwali marks the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana, while in Sikhism, it commemorates the release of Guru Hargobind from imprisonment. However, in the context of Jainism, the festival is primarily associated with the attainment of Moksha by Lord Mahavira.
Understanding the religious and cultural significance of Diwali in different traditions is crucial for appreciating the diversity and richness of Indian culture. This knowledge is particularly relevant for students preparing for competitive examinations such as the UPSC, SSC, and other state-level examinations, where questions on Indian culture and religious history are common.