Explanations:The High Court of Calcutta, now known as the High Court of Kolkata, holds the distinction of being the oldest High Court in India. It was established in 1862 during the British colonial era, marking a significant milestone in the legal history of the country. The establishment of High Courts in India was part of the broader legal reforms initiated by the British to modernize the judicial system in the colonies.
The High Court of Calcutta was established under the High Court of Judicature Act, 1861, which was passed by the British Parliament. This act provided for the establishment of High Courts in the presidencies of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. The High Court of Calcutta was the first to be established, followed closely by the High Courts of Madras and Bombay, both in the same year.
It is important to note that while the High Courts of Madras and Bombay were also established in 1862, the High Court of Calcutta was the first to be set up, making it the oldest. The chronological order of establishment is crucial in determining which High Court is the oldest. The High Court of Calcutta was established on July 1, 1862, while the High Court of Madras was established on August 1, 1862, and the High Court of Bombay was established on October 13, 1862.
The establishment of these High Courts was a significant step in the development of the Indian legal system. They were designed to replace the Supreme Courts of Judicature that had been established in the presidencies of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay in 1800. The High Courts were given extensive powers and were intended to serve as the highest courts of appeal within their respective jurisdictions, except for appeals to the Privy Council in London.
Understanding the historical context of the establishment of these High Courts is essential for comprehending the evolution of the Indian legal system. The High Court of Calcutta, now the High Court of Kolkata, has played a pivotal role in shaping the legal landscape of India and continues to be an important institution in the country's judicial system.