Explanation: Natural increase is a fundamental concept in demography and population studies. It refers to the growth in population due to the difference between the number of births and deaths in a given period. This concept is crucial for understanding how populations change over time, especially in urban settings like Mumbai.
In the context of Mumbai, natural increase is a significant factor contributing to the city's population growth. The statement that natural increase accounts for half of Mumbai's yearly growth highlights the importance of demographic factors in urban expansion. This means that for every two new residents added to Mumbai's population each year, one is due to natural increase (births minus deaths), and the other is due to other factors such as migration.
To understand natural increase, it is essential to consider the birth rate and the death rate. The birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year, while the death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population per year. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the population experiences natural increase. Conversely, if the death rate exceeds the birth rate, the population experiences natural decrease.
In Mumbai, the high birth rate and relatively low death rate contribute to a positive natural increase. This demographic trend is often associated with the early stages of the demographic transition, where improvements in healthcare and living conditions lead to a decline in death rates before birth rates adjust. As a result, the population grows rapidly due to the difference between births and deaths.
It is important to note that while natural increase is a significant factor in Mumbai's population growth, it is not the only factor. Migration from rural areas to the city also plays a crucial role in urban population growth. However, the question specifically asks about natural increase, making Option A the correct choice.
Understanding natural increase is essential for policymakers and urban planners in managing the growth of cities like Mumbai. It helps in planning for infrastructure, healthcare, education, and other services that are necessary to support a growing population. By recognizing the role of natural increase, stakeholders can develop more effective strategies to address the challenges and opportunities associated with urban population growth.