Explanation: E B Havell, a British art administrator and educator, played a pivotal role in the revival of Indian art during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the principal of the Government School of Art in Calcutta from 1906 to 1915, a period when the Bengal School of Art was gaining prominence. Havell's approach to art education was revolutionary for its time, as he sought to revive and promote Indian art forms over the prevailing European styles.
Havell believed that Indian art had a unique character and beauty that was distinct from Western art. He encouraged students to study and emulate the paintings of Ajanta and Ellora, which are renowned for their intricate detailing and spiritual themes. These ancient Indian cave paintings, dating back to the 2nd century BCE to the 10th century CE, were seen as a rich source of inspiration for modern Indian artists.
Havell's efforts were not just limited to teaching; he also worked closely with Bengal artists, including Abanindranath Tagore, to develop a new style of painting that was rooted in Indian traditions. This movement, known as the Bengal School of Art, sought to create a distinct Indian identity in art, moving away from the influence of European academic art.
The Bengal School of Art emphasized the use of Indian themes, motifs, and techniques, and it played a significant role in the cultural and artistic revival of India during the early 20th century. Havell's contributions were instrumental in fostering a sense of pride in Indian art and culture among the younger generation of artists.
In summary, E B Havell's cooperation with Bengal artists and his promotion of Indian art forms, particularly the paintings of Ajanta and Ellora, over European styles, makes him the correct answer to this question. His work laid the foundation for the Bengal School of Art and contributed significantly to the revival of Indian art during a period of cultural and artistic transformation.