Explanation: The Himalayas, the world's highest mountain range, are divided into three main ranges: the Greater Himalaya (Himadri), the Lesser or Middle Himalaya (Himachal), and the Outer Himalaya (Shiwalik). Each range has distinct characteristics and geographical features.
The Greater Himalaya, or Himadri, is the highest and most continuous range, including the world's highest peaks such as Mount Everest. It is characterized by its towering peaks and deep valleys, and it forms the backbone of the Himalayan system.
The Lesser or Middle Himalaya, known as Himachal, lies between the Greater Himalaya and the Outer Himalaya. This range is characterized by its rolling hills and valleys, and it includes important mountain ranges such as the Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar. The term "Himachal" is derived from "Hima" meaning snow and "Chal" meaning middle, indicating its position in the middle of the Himalayan system.
The Outer Himalaya, or Shiwalik, is the southernmost and youngest range of the Himalayas. It is characterized by its lower elevation and proximity to the Indo-Gangetic plains. The Shiwalik range is known for its sedimentary rocks and is often affected by landslides and erosion due to its geological youth and proximity to the plains.
The Purvanchal, on the other hand, refers to the easternmost part of the Himalayas, which includes the Patkai and other ranges in the northeastern states of India. It is a distinct range in the eastern Himalayan region and is not part of the middle Himalaya.
Understanding the geographical divisions of the Himalayas is crucial for comprehending the diverse landscapes and ecosystems of the region. Each range has its unique features and plays a significant role in the overall structure and function of the Himalayan system.