Explanations:The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, existing from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. It was located in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, primarily in present-day Pakistan and parts of northwestern India. The civilization is named after the Indus River, which was a crucial part of its development and sustenance.
Among the many cities that were part of the Indus Valley Civilization, Mohenjo-Daro stands out as the largest and most well-known. Located in the Sindh province of present-day Pakistan, Mohenjo-Daro was a major urban center with a population estimated to be around 40,000 people. The city was divided into two main parts: the citadel and the lower city. The citadel was the administrative and religious center, while the lower city was the residential area.
Mohenjo-Daro is renowned for its advanced urban planning and sophisticated infrastructure. The city had a grid-like layout with wide streets and well-organized residential blocks. It also featured a complex drainage system, with covered drains running along the streets and waste water being directed to cesspools. The city had a large public bath, known as the Great Bath, which was likely used for religious or social purposes. Additionally, Mohenjo-Daro had granaries, which were used for storing grain, and a marketplace where trade and commerce took place.
The other options provided in the question are not related to the Indus Valley Civilization. Hindu Kush is a mountain range in Central Asia, not a city. Xi'an is an ancient city in China, known for its historical significance and the Terracotta Army. Giza is a city in Egypt, famous for the Great Pyramids and the Sphinx. These locations are geographically and culturally distinct from the Indus Valley Civilization.
Understanding the significance of Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Valley Civilization is crucial for comprehending the development of urban centers and the evolution of human societies. The advanced planning and infrastructure of Mohenjo-Daro demonstrate the sophistication of the civilization and its contributions to the history of urban development.