Explanations:Kerala, located on the southwestern coast of India, experiences a cooler temperature compared to many northern Indian states due to several geographical factors. The Arabian Sea, which borders the state on the west, plays a significant role in moderating the temperature. The sea provides a cool breeze that helps to keep the region relatively cool, especially during the hot summer months. This maritime influence is a key factor in maintaining a moderate climate in Kerala.
Additionally, the Western Ghats, a mountain range that runs parallel to the coast, acts as a natural barrier. The Western Ghats prevent hot, dry winds from the north from entering Kerala. These winds, which can be quite hot and dry, are often responsible for the higher temperatures in northern Indian states. The presence of the Western Ghats ensures that these winds do not affect Kerala, further contributing to its cooler climate.
It is important to understand that both the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats work together to create the cooler temperature in Kerala. The sea provides a cooling effect through its breezes, while the mountains act as a physical barrier to hot winds. This combination of factors makes Kerala's climate distinct from that of northern Indian states, which are more exposed to the hot, dry winds from the north and do not have the same maritime influence.
Therefore, the correct answer is that both factors (the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats) contribute to Kerala's cooler temperature. This understanding of geographical features and their impact on climate is crucial for comprehending the unique climatic conditions of different regions in India.