Explanations:Geographical coordinates are essential for defining the boundaries of a state or country. In the case of Karnataka, a state located in the southern part of India, its geographical boundaries are defined by specific latitudes and longitudes. The latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, with the equator serving as the reference point at 0$^\circ$ latitude.
Karnataka extends from 11$^\circ$-31' North latitude to 18$^\circ$-45' North latitude. The southernmost point of Karnataka is near the city of Mangalore, which is located at approximately 12$^\circ$-34' North latitude. The northernmost point of Karnataka is near the city of Gadag, which is located at approximately 18$^\circ$-45' North latitude. This range of latitudes places Karnataka in the tropical and subtropical regions of India, contributing to its diverse climate and ecosystems.
Understanding the geographical coordinates of a state is crucial for various applications, including cartography, navigation, and environmental studies. It helps in mapping the state accurately and understanding its geographical features, such as the distribution of natural resources, climate patterns, and topography. For competitive examinations, knowledge of the geographical coordinates of Indian states is often tested to assess the candidate's familiarity with the country's geography.
It is important to note that the latitude range of Karnataka is specific to its geographical boundaries and should not be confused with the latitude ranges of neighboring states. Each state in India has its own unique set of geographical coordinates that define its boundaries and contribute to its distinct geographical characteristics.