Explanation: An industrial town is a type of urban settlement that has developed primarily due to the presence of industries. These towns often have a significant portion of their population employed in industrial activities, and the town's infrastructure and services are designed to support these industries. Industrial towns can be planned or unplanned, but they are characterized by their industrial focus.
Durgapur, located in the Bardhaman district of West Bengal, is a prime example of a planned industrial town. It was developed as part of the Second Five-Year Plan of India, which aimed to promote industrialization and economic development. Durgapur was specifically chosen for its proximity to raw materials, such as coal and iron ore, and its access to transportation networks, including railways and roads.
The development of Durgapur was a significant part of West Bengal's industrial strategy. The town was designed to house steel and heavy engineering industries, which were crucial for the country's industrial growth. The establishment of the Durgapur Steel Plant, one of the first integrated steel plants in India, was a cornerstone of this development. The town also houses other industries such as the Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC) and the Durgapur Fertilizer Plant.
The planning and development of Durgapur followed a comprehensive urban planning approach. The town was designed to accommodate the needs of the industrial workforce, including housing, education, healthcare, and recreational facilities. This holistic approach to urban planning ensured that Durgapur not only served as an industrial hub but also provided a good quality of life for its residents.
In contrast, Danapur, located in Bihar, is known for its military cantonment and not for industrial activities. The National Capital Territory of New Delhi, while a significant urban area, primarily functions as a political and administrative center rather than an industrial town. Therefore, Durgapur stands out as a clear example of an industrial town in West Bengal, making it the correct answer to the question.
Understanding the concept of industrial towns and their development is crucial for comprehending urban geography and industrial planning. It helps in recognizing how industrialization has shaped urban landscapes and how planned industrial towns contribute to regional and national economic development.