Explanations:India's first mission to Mars is known as Mangalyan, which is also referred to as the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM). This mission was a significant milestone for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and marked India as the first country to successfully reach Mars on its first attempt. The mission was launched on November 5, 2013, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. After a journey of about 10 months, Mangalyan successfully entered Mars' orbit on September 24, 2014.
The primary objective of the Mangalyan mission was to develop the technologies required for designing, planning, and executing interplanetary missions. Additionally, the mission aimed to explore Mars' surface features, morphology, mineralogy, and the Martian atmosphere. The spacecraft carried five scientific instruments to study the Martian surface and atmosphere, including a camera to capture images and data about the planet's surface and a spectrometer to analyze the composition of the Martian atmosphere.
The success of the Mangalyan mission was a significant achievement for India's space program, demonstrating the country's capability in interplanetary exploration. It also provided valuable data and insights into the Martian environment, contributing to the global understanding of the planet. The mission's success has paved the way for future space exploration endeavors by ISRO, including plans for a second Mars mission and potential missions to Venus and the Moon.
It is important to note that the other options provided in the question, such as Spirit and Viking, are not related to India's space program. Spirit was a NASA rover that was part of the Mars Exploration Rover mission, while Viking was a series of NASA missions to Mars. These missions were conducted by the United States and are not associated with India's space exploration efforts.