Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement was a pivotal phase in the Indian struggle for independence, initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. This movement was a response to the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, which had deeply affected the Indian populace and intensified the demand for self-rule.
The Indian National Congress, under the leadership of Gandhi, decided to adopt a non-violent approach to resist British rule. The movement aimed to boycott British institutions, goods, and services, and to promote self-reliance and swadeshi (indigenous) products. It also encouraged Indians to resign from government jobs, withdraw from British schools and colleges, and refuse to pay taxes.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was officially adopted at the Indian National Congress session held in Nagpur in December 1920. This session was significant because it marked the beginning of a new phase in the Indian struggle for independence, where the masses were actively involved in the movement. The adoption of the Non-Cooperation Movement in Nagpur was a turning point, as it brought together various sections of society under the banner of the Indian National Congress.
The movement was not without its challenges. It faced opposition from various quarters, including the British government, which responded with repressive measures. However, the Non-Cooperation Movement succeeded in mobilizing the masses and creating a sense of national unity and purpose. It laid the foundation for future movements and played a crucial role in the Indian freedom struggle.
Understanding the historical context and the significance of the Nagpur session is essential for comprehending the evolution of the Indian National Congress and the strategies employed in the struggle for independence. The Non-Cooperation Movement was a critical step in the journey towards India's independence, and its adoption in Nagpur remains a significant event in Indian history.