Explanations:Raziyya, also known as Razia Sultana, was a significant figure in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. She was the first and only female Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, and her reign is marked by both historical importance and controversy. Raziyya ascended to the throne in 1236, following the death of her father, Iltutmish, who was the fifth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty.
The Delhi Sultanate was a powerful Islamic empire that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from the early 13th century to the early 16th century. The Mamluk dynasty, also known as the Slave dynasty, was the first of the five dynasties that ruled the Delhi Sultanate. Iltutmish, Raziyya's father, was a prominent ruler who expanded the empire and established a strong administrative system.
Upon Iltutmish's death, his eldest son, Ruknuddin Firuz, was initially chosen as the successor. However, he was a weak ruler and was soon deposed by his stepmother, Razia's mother, who then installed Raziyya as the sultan. Raziyya's reign began in 1236 and lasted until 1240. During her rule, she implemented several administrative reforms, including the appointment of capable officials regardless of their social status, and she focused on improving the economy and military.
Despite her efforts, Raziyya faced significant opposition from conservative elements within the empire. She was eventually deposed in 1240 and later killed in a battle. Her reign, though short, is remembered for its progressive policies and the fact that she was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
Understanding the historical context and the timeline of the Delhi Sultanate is crucial for correctly identifying the year Raziyya became sultan. The year 1236 is significant as it marks the beginning of her reign and the first time a woman ruled the Delhi Sultanate. This date is well-documented in historical records and is a key point in the study of medieval Indian history.