Explanations:The Maratha Empire was a prominent power in India during the 17th and 18th centuries. The empire was founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and was known for its military prowess and administrative efficiency. The Peshwa, or prime minister, was a crucial figure in the Maratha Empire, often wielding significant power and influence over the emperor.
In 1730, the city of Pune in Maharashtra became the seat of the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. This shift was significant because it marked the beginning of the Peshwa's dominance over the Maratha Empire. The Peshwa, initially appointed as a minister to the Chhatrapati (emperor), gradually assumed more power and control over the empire's administration and military affairs.
Pune, located in the western part of Maharashtra, was chosen as the seat of the Peshwa due to its strategic location and its role as a center for military and administrative activities. The city's importance grew as the Peshwa expanded the empire's territories and consolidated power. Pune became the de facto capital of the Maratha Empire under the Peshwas, hosting the Peshwa's court and serving as the center for governance and military strategy.
It is important to note that while other cities like Nagpur and Mumbai (then known as Bombay) were significant in their own right, they did not serve as the seat of the Peshwa. Nagpur, for instance, was more associated with the Bhonsle dynasty, while Mumbai was under British control and not part of the Maratha Empire's administrative center.
Understanding the historical context and the significance of Pune as the seat of the Peshwa is crucial for comprehending the administrative and military structure of the Maratha Empire. This knowledge is essential for students studying Indian history, particularly the period of the Maratha Empire, and for those preparing for competitive examinations that cover Indian history and geography.