Explanation: In the early 18th century, the Mughal Empire was in a state of decline, and various regional powers were vying for influence. One such power was the Maratha Empire, which had emerged as a significant force under the leadership of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Maratha Confederacy.
Balaji Vishwanath, the first Peshwa, was a key figure in the Maratha political landscape. He was known for his diplomatic skills and his ability to forge alliances that would benefit the Maratha Empire. In 1719, he marched to Delhi with the aim of supporting the Sayyid brothers, who were ambitious nobles seeking to overthrow the Mughal Emperor Farrukhisyar.
The Sayyid brothers, Abdullah Khan and Hussain Ali Khan, were powerful nobles who had significant influence over the Mughal court. They were dissatisfied with the policies of Farrukhisyar and sought to replace him with a more pliable emperor. Balaji Vishwanath saw an opportunity to strengthen Maratha influence by aligning with the Sayyid brothers.
The march to Delhi in 1719 was a strategic move by Balaji Vishwanath. By supporting the Sayyid brothers, he aimed to weaken the Mughal Empire and gain concessions for the Maratha Empire. This event is a prime example of the complex political alliances and power struggles that characterized the period.
It is important to note that the other options provided in the question are also significant figures in Maratha history but were not involved in the specific event of 1719. Baji Rao I and Balaji Baji Rao were later Peshwas who played crucial roles in the expansion of the Maratha Empire, but they were not active during the events of 1719. Shahu, the Maratha king, was focused on consolidating Maratha power in the Deccan region and was not directly involved in the march to Delhi.
Understanding the roles of these historical figures and the events they were involved in is crucial for comprehending the political dynamics of the early 18th century in India. Balaji Vishwanath's march to Delhi in 1719 is a pivotal event that highlights the strategic importance of alliances and the shifting balance of power between the Mughals and the Marathas.