Concept notes: In India, a metropolitan city is a large urban area with a population exceeding 4 million. These cities are governed by a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) and are significant in terms of economic, social, and political influence. Currently, there are four such cities in India: Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, and Kolkata.
Explanation: In the context of urban planning and governance in India, a metropolitan city is defined as a large urban area with a population exceeding 4 million. These cities are governed by a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC), which is responsible for planning and development activities within the metropolitan area. The MPC is a statutory body that includes representatives from various local bodies and state government officials.
The concept of metropolitan cities in India is relatively recent and has evolved over time. The first metropolitan city in India was Mumbai, which was designated as such in 1975. Since then, the government has recognized additional cities based on their population and the need for coordinated urban planning and governance.
Currently, there are four metropolitan cities in India:
1. **Mumbai**: Located in the state of Maharashtra, Mumbai is the largest metropolitan city in India, known for its economic significance and cultural influence.
2. **Pune**: Also in Maharashtra, Pune is recognized for its educational institutions and technological advancements.
3. **Chennai**: Located in the state of Tamil Nadu, Chennai is a major industrial and commercial center.
4. **Kolkata**: Situated in the state of West Bengal, Kolkata is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance.
The classification of these cities as metropolitan is not just based on population but also on the need for integrated planning and governance to address the challenges of rapid urbanization. The MPC plays a crucial role in coordinating the development activities of various local bodies within the metropolitan area, ensuring that the urban planning and development are aligned with the overall goals of the city.
Understanding the concept of metropolitan cities in India is important for students preparing for competitive examinations as it reflects the urban planning and governance structures in the country. It is also relevant for those interested in urban studies, public administration, and policy-making. The correct answer to the question is (D) 4, as there are currently four metropolitan cities in India based on the criteria set by the government.