Explanation: The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in India, established in 1954. It is awarded by the President of India to individuals who have made exceptional contributions to the arts, literature, science, and public service. The award is a symbol of the highest civilian honor and is given in recognition of the recipient's outstanding service and achievements.
In 1997, the Bharat Ratna was awarded to two distinguished individuals: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Lata Mangeshkar. Dr. Kalam, known as the "Missile Man of India," was a renowned scientist and former President of India. Lata Mangeshkar is a legendary singer and one of the most celebrated playback singers in the Indian film industry.
The Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan are also prestigious civilian awards in India, but they rank below the Bharat Ratna. The Padma Vibhushan is awarded for exceptional and distinguished service, while the Padma Bhushan is given for distinguished service of a high order. Both these awards are significant but do not hold the same level of prestige as the Bharat Ratna.
Understanding the hierarchy of Indian civilian awards is crucial for students preparing for competitive examinations. The Bharat Ratna is the pinnacle of civilian honors, and it is important to know the recipients of this award in different years, as well as the other prestigious awards like the Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan. This knowledge helps in comprehending the contributions of individuals who have been recognized for their outstanding service and achievements in various fields.