Explanation: The Ganga River, one of the most significant rivers in India, has a complex network of tributaries and branches. After the Ganga enters West Bengal, it undergoes a significant geographical transformation by splitting into two major branches: the Hugli (or Hooghly) and the Padma.
The Hugli River, also known as the Hooghly, is the western branch of the Ganga in West Bengal. It flows through the city of Kolkata and eventually empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Hugli is a vital waterway for the region, supporting a significant amount of trade and commerce. It is also an important source of water for irrigation and domestic use.
The Padma River, on the other hand, is the eastern branch of the Ganga. It flows through Bangladesh and eventually merges with the Meghna River before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The Padma is a crucial part of the river system in Bangladesh and plays a significant role in the region's agriculture and economy.
The bifurcation of the Ganga into the Hugli and Padma is a natural geographical feature that has shaped the landscape and economy of West Bengal and Bangladesh. This split is not only a geographical phenomenon but also a cultural and economic one, influencing the lives of millions of people who depend on these rivers for their livelihoods.
It is important to note that the Ganga's branches in West Bengal are distinct from its tributaries in other states. For example, the Gomti and Gandak, mentioned in Option A, are tributaries of the Ganga but do not form the main branches after the Ganga enters West Bengal. Similarly, the Kosi and Son, mentioned in Option C, are tributaries of the Ganga but are located in different states and do not split the Ganga in West Bengal.
Understanding the geographical features of the Ganga River system, particularly its branches in West Bengal, is crucial for comprehending the region's hydrology, economy, and cultural significance. This knowledge is essential for students studying the geography of West Bengal and the broader context of river systems in India.