Explanation: Eravikulam National Park, located in the Idukki district of Kerala, is the first national park in the state. It was established in 1978, marking a significant milestone in Kerala's efforts towards environmental conservation. The park is situated in the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and covers an area of approximately 97 square kilometers.
Eravikulam National Park is renowned for its unique biodiversity and is home to several endangered species, including the Nilgiri Tahr, a mountain goat species. The park's ecosystem includes grasslands, shola forests, and wetlands, providing a diverse habitat for various flora and fauna. The park's establishment was a crucial step in preserving the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats and promoting eco-tourism in the region.
Silent Valley National Park, established in 1984, is the second national park in Kerala. It is located in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and is known for its tropical evergreen forests and the Silent Valley river. The park is home to several rare and endangered species, including the lion-tailed macaque.
Mathikettan Shola National Park, established in 2003, is located in the Idukki district and is known for its shola forests. It is part of the larger Western Ghats ecosystem and is home to several endemic species.
Anamudi Shola National Park, established in 2005, is also located in the Idukki district and is known for its shola-grassland ecosystem. It is home to several rare and endangered species and is an important part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
Understanding the historical context and significance of Eravikulam National Park as the first national park in Kerala is crucial for comprehending the state's conservation efforts and the importance of preserving its unique ecosystems. The establishment of these national parks has played a vital role in protecting the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats and promoting sustainable tourism in the region.