Explanations:The establishment of national parks in India is a significant aspect of environmental conservation efforts. In the context of Kerala, the first national park to be established is Eravikulam National Park, which was officially designated as a national park in 1975. This park is located in the Idukki district and is renowned for its unique ecosystem, particularly the high-altitude grasslands and the presence of the endangered Nilgiri Tahr, a mountain goat species.
Eravikulam National Park is part of the larger Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which is one of the eight biosphere reserves in India. The park covers an area of approximately 97 square kilometers and is characterized by its rolling hills, shola forests, and grasslands. The park's elevation ranges from 1,300 to 2,600 meters above sea level, making it a critical habitat for a variety of flora and fauna.
Understanding the historical context of national parks in Kerala is important for several reasons. First, it highlights the state's commitment to environmental conservation and biodiversity protection. Second, it provides a benchmark for the development of other national parks in the region. For instance, Silent Valley National Park, which is another significant park in Kerala, was established later in 1984. This park is known for its tropical evergreen forests and the conservation of the Silent Valley River.
Other national parks in Kerala, such as Mathikettan Shola National Park and Anamudi Shola National Park, were established much later. Mathikettan Shola National Park was established in 2003 and is known for its shola-grassland ecosystem, while Anamudi Shola National Park was established in 2005 and is also part of the Anamudi Shola National Park complex.
Therefore, when considering the first national park in Kerala, it is essential to recognize the historical significance of Eravikulam National Park. Its establishment in 1975 marked the beginning of a series of conservation efforts in the state, which have since expanded to include other important national parks and protected areas.