Concept notes: Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty in the 14th century, introduced several administrative reforms, including the establishment of the Diwan-i-Khairat, a department dedicated to charitable activities and social welfare. This department was responsible for distributing alms and providing aid to the poor and needy.
Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1351 to 1388, was known for his administrative reforms and social welfare initiatives. One of his significant contributions was the establishment of the Diwan-i-Khairat, a department dedicated to charitable activities and social welfare. The term "Diwan" in medieval Indian administration referred to a department or a minister responsible for a specific area of governance. "Khairat" means charity or benevolence in Arabic.
The Diwan-i-Khairat was responsible for managing charitable activities and providing aid to the poor and needy. This department was part of Firoz Shah Tughlaq's broader efforts to improve the welfare of his subjects and to promote social justice. The ruler was known for his concern for the poor and his efforts to alleviate their suffering. The establishment of the Diwan-i-Khairat was a reflection of this concern and was aimed at ensuring that the less fortunate members of society received the necessary support.
It is important to distinguish the Diwan-i-Khairat from other administrative departments in the Tughlaq administration. For instance, the Diwan-i-Arz was a different department responsible for military and revenue matters. The Diwan-i-Arz was headed by the Ariz-i-Mamalik, who was in charge of the army and the collection of revenue. This department was not involved in charitable activities or social welfare programs.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq's establishment of the Diwan-i-Khairat was a significant step in the history of medieval Indian administration. It demonstrated the ruler's commitment to social welfare and his efforts to create a more equitable society. The department played a crucial role in providing aid to the poor and needy, and it was a testament to the ruler's vision of a just and compassionate society.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (A) Diwan-i-Khairat, as it was the department established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq for charitable activities and social welfare. This department was distinct from other administrative departments like the Diwan-i-Arz, which was responsible for military and revenue matters. Understanding the roles and functions of these departments is essential for comprehending the administrative structure and social welfare initiatives of the Tughlaq dynasty.