📚 Part of: Ancient Indian Geography & Ai Research Mcqs

Find the average speed of a car travelling four equal distances at the following speeds 2 kmph, 3 kmph, 4 kmph and 6 kmph.

Category: Miscellaneous Indian Gk

Correct Answer: A) 3.2 kmph.

Exam Relevance: CAT, GMAT, GRE, Bank PO, SSC CGL

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes:

The average speed for a journey where equal distances are covered at different speeds is not the arithmetic mean of the speeds. Instead, it is calculated using the harmonic mean of the speeds. This is because the time taken for each segment varies inversely with the speed.

Common Mistakes:
  • Students often mistakenly use the arithmetic mean of the speeds to calculate the average speed.
  • They may overlook the fact that the time taken for each segment is different, leading to incorrect calculations.
  • Some students might not recognize the need to use the harmonic mean for equal distances.
Explanation:

To find the average speed of a car traveling four equal distances at different speeds, we need to use the concept of the harmonic mean. The harmonic mean is particularly useful when dealing with rates or speeds where the time taken for each segment is different.

The formula for the harmonic mean \( H \) of \( n \) speeds \( s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_n \) is given by:

\[ H = \frac{n}{\frac{1}{s_1} + \frac{1}{s_2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{s_n}} \]

In this problem, the car travels four equal distances at speeds of 2 kmph, 3 kmph, 4 kmph, and 6 kmph. Let's denote these speeds as \( s_1 = 2 \) kmph, \( s_2 = 3 \) kmph, \( s_3 = 4 \) kmph, and \( s_4 = 6 \) kmph. The number of speeds \( n \) is 4.

Substituting the values into the harmonic mean formula, we get:

\[ H = \frac{4}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6}} \]

First, we need to find the sum of the reciprocals of the speeds:

\[ \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} \]

To add these fractions, we need a common denominator. The least common multiple of 2, 3, 4, and 6 is 12. Converting each fraction to have a denominator of 12, we get:

\[ \frac{1}{2} = \frac{6}{12}, \quad \frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{12}, \quad \frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{12}, \quad \frac{1}{6} = \frac{2}{12} \]

Adding these fractions together:

\[ \frac{6}{12} + \frac{4}{12} + \frac{3}{12} + \frac{2}{12} = \frac{15}{12} \]

Now, substituting this sum back into the harmonic mean formula:

\[ H = \frac{4}{\frac{15}{12}} = \frac{4 \times 12}{15} = \frac{48}{15} = 3.2 \]

Therefore, the average speed of the car is 3.2 kmph, which corresponds to option A.

This method ensures that the average speed is correctly calculated by taking into account the varying times taken for each segment of the journey, rather than simply averaging the speeds. The harmonic mean is the appropriate measure for such scenarios, as it gives more weight to the slower speeds, which take more time to cover the same distance.

Option Analysis:
  • Option A: This option is correct. The average speed for equal distances covered at different speeds is calculated using the harmonic mean of the speeds. For the given speeds of 2 kmph, 3 kmph, 4 kmph, and 6 kmph, the harmonic mean is 3.2 kmph.
  • Option B: This option is incorrect. The average speed is not 4.4 kmph. This value might be obtained by incorrectly using the arithmetic mean of the speeds, which does not account for the varying times taken for each segment.
  • Option C: This option is incorrect. The average speed is not 3.9 kmph. This value might be a result of a miscalculation or misunderstanding of the harmonic mean formula.
  • Option D: This option is incorrect. The average speed is not 2.6 kmph. This value might be obtained by incorrectly applying a different formula or misunderstanding the concept of average speed for equal distances.

Mnemonic: Harmonic mean for equal distances: H = n / (1/s1 + 1/s2 + ... + 1/sn)

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