Explanations:
Cantonments in British India were designated areas where British military forces were stationed. These locations were chosen for their strategic importance and often became centers of military administration and training. The concept of cantonments was a significant part of the British military strategy in India, as they provided secure and organized locations for the British Army to maintain control over the vast subcontinent.
Bengaluru and Pune are well-known examples of such cantonments. Bengaluru, located in the southern part of India, was chosen for its strategic location and climate, which was conducive to military training and operations. The British established a cantonment in Bengaluru in the early 19th century, and it became a significant military center. Similarly, Pune, located in the western part of India, was also chosen for its strategic importance. The British established a cantonment in Pune in the late 18th century, and it became a major military center, particularly after the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
The other options listed in the question do not fit the criteria of being designated cantonments. Delhi, while a significant city and the capital of British India for a period, was not specifically designated as a cantonment. Allahabad, although an important administrative center, was not a cantonment. Calcutta (now Kolkata), the capital of British India for a long time, was not designated as a cantonment, although it had significant military presence. Nainital and Dehradun were important for their hill stations and administrative roles but were not designated as cantonments.
Understanding the concept of cantonments in British India is crucial for comprehending the military and administrative strategies employed by the British during their rule. Cantonments were not just military bases but also played a significant role in the broader context of British colonial administration in India.