Explanation: The annexation of Punjab in 1849 was a significant event in the history of British colonial rule in India. It occurred during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, who served as the Governor General of India from 1848 to 1856. Lord Dalhousie is known for his aggressive policy of territorial expansion, which included the annexation of various princely states and territories under British control.
The annexation of Punjab was a result of the Second Anglo-Sikh War, which took place between 1848 and 1849. The Sikh Empire, which had been weakened by internal conflicts and external pressures, was unable to resist the British forces. The British victory in this war led to the annexation of Punjab, which was a crucial step in consolidating British control over the northwestern regions of India.
Lord Dalhousie's policy of annexation was based on the Doctrine of Lapse, which allowed the British to annex territories of Indian rulers who died without a natural heir. This policy was controversial and contributed to the growing discontent among Indian rulers and the general population, eventually leading to the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Understanding the historical context of Lord Dalhousie's tenure and the events leading to the annexation of Punjab is essential for comprehending the broader narrative of British colonial rule in India. It highlights the strategies employed by the British to expand their control and the impact of these policies on the political and social landscape of India during the 19th century.
In summary, Lord Dalhousie was the Governor General of India during the annexation of Punjab in 1849, making him the correct answer to this question. This event is a critical part of the history of British colonialism in India and reflects the broader trends of territorial expansion and consolidation of power during the mid-19th century.