Explanations:The orographic effect is a significant factor in determining the rainfall patterns in different regions. When moist air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier, it cools and condenses, leading to precipitation. This process is known as orographic rainfall. The side of the mountain that faces the prevailing winds is called the windward side, and it typically receives more rainfall due to the orographic effect. Conversely, the side of the mountain that is sheltered from the prevailing winds is called the leeward side, and it experiences a rain shadow effect, receiving less precipitation.
In the context of Maharashtra, the Western Ghats play a crucial role in determining the rainfall patterns of different cities. Mumbai is located on the windward side of the Western Ghats, which means it receives more rainfall due to the orographic effect. The moist air from the Arabian Sea is forced to rise over the Western Ghats, leading to significant precipitation in Mumbai.
On the other hand, Pune is located on the leeward side of the Western Ghats. As the moist air rises over the mountains and loses its moisture on the windward side, the air that reaches Pune is drier. This results in a rain shadow effect, where Pune receives much less rainfall compared to Mumbai. The Western Ghats act as a barrier, blocking the moisture-laden winds from reaching Pune, leading to a significant difference in rainfall between the two cities.
While other factors such as continentality and distance from the sea can influence rainfall patterns, the orographic effect due to the Western Ghats is the primary reason for the difference in rainfall between Pune and Mumbai. Understanding the orographic effect and the concept of windward and leeward sides is essential for comprehending regional climate patterns and precipitation distribution.