Explanations:The declaration of Delhi as the capital of India is a significant event in the history of British India. The decision to shift the capital from Calcutta to Delhi was made by King George V during the Delhi Durbar in 1911. The Durbar was a grand imperial event held to celebrate the coronation of King George V and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India.
The decision to move the capital was part of a broader strategy by the British to centralize their administration and reduce the influence of the nationalist movement, which was gaining momentum in the eastern part of the country, particularly in Calcutta. The shift to Delhi was also intended to symbolize the British commitment to the Indian subcontinent and to establish a more central location for the administration of the vast empire.
Delhi, with its historical significance and central location, was chosen as the new capital. The construction of the new capital, which included the building of the Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan), the Secretariat buildings, and other important structures, was a massive undertaking that took several years to complete. The new capital was officially inaugurated in 1931, but the decision to shift the capital was made in 1911.
Understanding the historical context of this decision is crucial for comprehending the political and administrative strategies of the British in India. It also highlights the importance of Delhi as a political and cultural center in the history of India. The year 1911 is a key date in Indian history and is often tested in various examinations, including school history exams, competitive exams like the UPSC Prelims, and state PSC exams.